What is the difference between AC and DC charging?

AC (Alternating Current) charging is the standard form of charging found at home and public charge points in the UK. It’s typically slower (7-22 kW) and used for overnight or workplace charging. DC (Direct Current) charging is used for rapid and ultra-rapid charging at public stations, such as motorway service stations. DC chargers bypass the EV’s onboard converter, allowing for much faster charging speeds of around 50-350 kW.

What is regenerative braking?

Regenerative braking is a system that captures energy normally lost when slowing down and converts it into electricity to recharge the battery. This is a common feature in all kinds of EVs, and helps to improve efficiency, extend driving range, and reduce wear on traditional brake components.

What is an EV charging connector type?

An EV charging connector type refers to the plug that connects the car to a charging station. Different EVs use different connectors for AC and DC charging. The most common connector types in the UK are: Type 2: The standard AC charging connector for most EVs in the UK. CCS (Combined Charging System): The most widely used DC fast-charging connector in Europe. CHAdeMO: A DC fast-charging connector primarily used by older EV models. Tesla Supercharger: Tesla’s proprietary high-speed charging network, which now uses CCS connectors in the UK.

How do I measure the range of an EV?

An EV’s range is measured in miles and represents the estimated distance the car can travel on a full charge. In the UK, range is typically based on the WLTP (Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure) standard, which is used to provide a realistic estimate of real-world driving conditions. However, actual range can vary depending on driving style, weather, road conditions, and use of in-car features like heating or air conditioning.

What is an Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ)?

A ULEZ is a designated area where vehicles must meet strict emissions standards to avoid paying a daily charge, currently set at £12.50. It is designed to improve air quality by discouraging high-emission vehicles from entering urban areas. London has the most well-known ULEZ, but other UK cities have introduced similar clean air initiatives.

Do electric cars need to pay ULEZ charges?

No, fully electric vehicles (EVs) do not currently need to pay ULEZ charges because they produce zero tailpipe emissions. This makes them a cost-effective choice for drivers frequently travelling in ULEZ zones.

What’s the difference between ULEZ, LEZ, and Congestion Charge?

The ULEZ, LEZ, and Congestion Charge schemes target different types of vehicles and have different purposes. Here’s a brief overview of the differences between each set of regulations: ULEZ (Ultra Low Emission Zone): Targets high-emission vehicles with strict standards for petrol and diesel engines. LEZ (Low Emission Zone): A broader scheme, mainly affecting larger vehicles like lorries and buses, with different charges and rules. Congestion Charge: A separate daily fee for driving in central London. Though EVs are currently exempt, they’ll also be subject to London’s congestion charge as of Christmas Day 2025.

How can I check if my car is ULEZ-compliant in 2025?

You can check your vehicle’s ULEZ compliance on the official Transport for London (TfL) website by entering your registration. If your car meets Euro 4 (petrol) or Euro 6 (diesel) emissions standards, it is exempt from ULEZ charges.

What are the ULEZ pricing and penalties?

Daily charge: £12.50 for non-compliant cars, motorcycles, and vans. Penalty for non-payment: £180 (reduced to £90 if paid within 14 days). Charges apply 24/7, including weekends and bank holidays.

How do I pay for ULEZ?

You can pay: Online via the TfL website Using the TfL Pay to Drive in London app Over the phone through the TfL contact centre Setting up an Auto Pay account to automatically deduct charges

Do plug-in hybrids have to pay ULEZ charges?

It depends. Plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) must meet ULEZ emissions standards to avoid charges. Some newer PHEVs comply with Euro 6 (diesel) or Euro 4 (petrol) and are exempt, but older models may still have to pay.

Which cities have ULEZ or Clean Air Zones?

Several UK cities have introduced ULEZ or Clean Air Zones (CAZ), including: London (ULEZ) Birmingham, Bristol, and Bath (CAZ with charges for non-compliant vehicles) Manchester, Newcastle, Sheffield, and others (various CAZ schemes, some charging, some not) For the latest updates, check local council websites or the UK Government's Clean Air Zone checker.